Medieval Religion

Medieval Religion

This guide to medieval religion is designed to provide you with a basic introduction to medieval ideas about sin, the importance of confession and burial. You will find examples throughout, and links to other parts of this site where you can access more information.

Why did Sin Matter?

• According to the medieval Church, there were two types of sin: Original Sin and personal sin.
• Original Sin: was inherited from Adam and Eve. When Adam and Eve lived in Paradise, everything was perfect - there was no disease, sickness or pain. However, once they defied God and ate the apple of knowledge, everyone suffered. The fateful event, known as the Fall, incurred punishment for them and all their descendants, ranging from death, epidemics and illness to the pains of childbirth and menstruation. The consequences were felt by all the human race, rich or poor, young or old.
• The burden of Original Sin had been lightened, however, by the sacrament of baptism and Christ's sacrifice on the Cross. The Church taught that Christ (who Himself was described as a physician), had died to save mankind from eternal damnation in hell.

[This roof boss, from Norwich Cathedral, depicts the jaws of hell. Photographer: Christopher Bonfield]

• Personal sin: was self-inflicted, and, in contrast to Original Sin, varied from individual to individual. The worst, and most severely punished, were generally known as the Seven Deadly Sins (pride, envy, gluttony, lust, anger, greed and sloth).
• The Church divided sins into two principal categories: 'venial' which were relatively minor, and could be forgiven, and the more severe 'mortal' sins, which, when committed, incurred the threat of eternal damnation unless they were absolved through confession.